Political sovereignty. As a result of the following analysis and, from the topics that we will address, we can sadly affirm that Argentina does not exercise full sovereignty over the Southwest Atlantic, apart from the Malvinas, San Pedro (South Georgia) and South Sandwich Islands, which are not are in our power and, as the First Transitory Provision of the Constitution clearly indicates, " the recovery of said territories and the full exercise of sovereignty (...) constitute a permanent and inalienable objective of the Argentine people " and, in fact, since the Madrid Agreements I (1989) and II (1990), Argentina has been frozen, while the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) has advanced hastily and without pause to date and, the Argentine Foreign Ministry and its Secretariat for the Malvinas, Antarctica and South Atlantic have limited themselves to the inappropriate action of promoting dialogue with the United Kingdom; cooperate unilaterally and seek the support of countries to promote the aforementioned dialogue.
The National Council of Malvinas created in 2020 by Law 27,558 is made up of several members who intervened in the submission policy of the 90s; intellectual authors of the ruinous agreements with the United Kingdom and, among them, Marcelo Kohen, who in 2018 proposed a referendum to the islanders to determine whether they wanted to be British or Argentine, maintaining the current immigration regime of the islands; which suggests that there is little to expect from this body regarding the recovery of the Malvinas and the administration of Argentine waters and archipelagos.
While this is happening, control of the southern part of the South-West Atlantic is in the hands of the United Kingdom, which systematically violates United Nations Res. 31/49 of December 1, 1976, which “ Urges the two parties to refrain from adopting decisions that entail the introduction of unilateral modifications in the situation, while the Islands are going through the process recommended in the resolutions mentioned above (1514/60, 2065/65, 1965/73, 3160/73) ", we can see , which among other things, built an airstrip for large war and cargo aircraft; a naval and missile base; modernized the radar system; carried out logistics, communication and transportation infrastructure works; located a new port on San Pedro Island and put out to tender for the construction of another in Malvinas that will concentrate all the fishing, merchant, commercial, scientific and tourist traffic in the region, thus controlling the region and access to the Pacific Oceans and Indian Ocean and strengthening its access to Antarctica.
The illegal government of the Malvinas grants illegal fishing licenses to foreign vessels and as of January 1, 2023, it will do so for 25 years. These vessels extract about 250,000 tons per year (plus discards) of Argentine fishing species, putting sustainability at risk. of the ecosystem, in a clear demonstration of the lack of interest in the domain and care of the migratory resources originating from the Argentine EEZ, their sustainability and disdain for the pollution of the marine environment.
On the other hand, RAF flights stop in Brazil and Uruguay prior to their descent in the Malvinas and, LATAM commercial flights, with the authorization of the use of Argentine airspace, facilitate the traffic of workers and crew members, exchange of fresh raw materials. and other inputs and, the Port of Montevideo receives more than 700 vessels per year that carry out illegal fishing in the South Atlantic and Malvinas.
We can affirm that, despite our regret, the Argentine waters and resources of the Southwestern Atlantic are not administered by the Argentine government and, even, foreign organizations, by action or omission of those responsible for the Argentine government, intervene in the design of the Argentine government policy. administration of maritime territories and their resources.
For example, why did the North American Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) design the 164,000 km2 Benthic Marine Protected Area located in a sector adjacent to the marine area occupied and disputed by the United Kingdom?giving rise to a bill that has already had half a sanction in the Chamber of Deputies of the Nation and had the support of the Foreign Ministry and the Secretariat of Malvinas, despite all the arguments to the contrary from scientists, fisheries, environmental, economic , territorial and strategic of the experts who opposed the apparent “unfounded” project.
The aforementioned WCS Foundation has the support, among others, of OCEANS 5; organization that, its "first grants supported work in the overseas territories of the United Kingdom, Antarctica, the Arctic and several large Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), including that of the United States" (sic) including among its partners and members, thirteen foundations from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, and this, which could be overlooked, becomes extremely important, since the aforementioned “Marine Protected Area” would complete the “blue belt .” that already in 2017 the English announced that they would surround the Malvinas (among other overseas territories) ensuring control and exploitation of fishing resources in the Islands; which began in 1990 with the Conservation Agreement (FOCZ) east of the Malvinas signed by Cavallo and the Ecological Sanctuary south of the Malvinas, established unilaterally by the United Kingdom around San Pedro and Sandwich Island in 2011.
But, in addition to this, the aforementioned WCS has owned two Islands (Grand Jason and Steeple Jason or the Sebaldes or Sebaldinas Islands for Argentina) since 2001 in the Malvinas Archipelago and, then we understand the interest of this Foundation in the Blue Hole , which would close the “blue belt” north of the Malvinas and, also, its special concern for the care of the black-browed albatross found on the islands of “its property” and, with this species being, according to the report from the local WCS affiliate, related to the Blue Hole-EEZ.
The WCS Foundation not only manages these islands, but “ is working with the local government to further protect the entire Jason Islands archipelago and the surrounding marine area” (Christopher J.Mckenzie, Wildview, WCS, August 15, 2017) It is obvious that this fact alone prevents any participation of this organization in Argentine territory, since it would violate the DTP of the National Constitution.
Furthermore, it seems that CONICET carries out WCS activities for research work in the Malvinas: “…Ian published extensively on the birds of New Island ( Goicoechea Island in Malvinas ), and was the author of research works with WCS associate researchers. Q.Dee Boersma, Juan Masello and Andrea Raya Rey", this being "Principal Researcher at CADIC, whose specialty is the Ecology and Conservation of Birds and Marine Mammals of Tierra del Fuego and the Southwestern Atlantic with implications for conservation, management and regional sustainability and global".
On the other hand, on September 20, 2022 in Washington, Argentina signed a “ Joint Declaration on Atlantic Cooperation ” together with Brazil, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. United, among others; several of them illegal fishermen; with the commitment to have “a peaceful, prosperous, open and cooperative Atlantic region, while preserving the ocean as a healthy, sustainable resource, (preventing) piracy; transnational organized crime; illegal fishing; climate change; pollution and environmental degradation (…) cooperation in the region (…) and maritime governance across the Atlantic (…) develop a shared approach to Atlantic Ocean issues (…) committed to seeing the South Atlantic as an area of peace and cooperation that contributes significantly to the strengthening of international peace (…) partner with other appropriate organizations, including regional fisheries bodies…” “open region”; “regional cooperation”; “maritime governance”; “regional fishing organizations” (read RFMOs), etc. a series of decisions absolutely contrary to the national interest and, the sole signature of the United Kingdom that has failed to comply with all the instructions that are cited in this Declaration, maintaining a naval and missile base; preying on Argentine fishing resources and, attempting to establish the RFMOs that would allow it to no longer continue exploiting the 1,639,900 km2 that it usurps of maritime territory from Argentina, but rather to manage the resources of the entire South Atlantic, including the Argentine EEZ, together with its main partners in the Malvinas, the Spanish.
But it is striking that with the same objective of “ Maritime Governance ” two Foundations whose members have no experience in maritime matters and much less in fishing: the Fundación Argentina Global and the Konrad Adenauer Argentina, on September 20, called for seven to participate. days later in person (?) in Pto.Madryn of the “first federal workshop of the cycle of conversations titled “Maritime Governance: from ideas to action”, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (this time would not even be enough to discuss the incidental fishing and much less to propose actions) to dialogue “about the strategic relevance of the sea and the need to maintain good order in maritime spaces (…) contributing to the preparation of a joint document of conclusions (…) on the based on a previous seminar held in Buenos Aires (?) and, furthermore, the place of convocation, which could be any of the ports on the maritime coast, would seem to ignore that the province of Tierra del Fuego is the main party responsible, together with the State National, on the issues of Antarctica and islands and seas of the South Atlantic.
Nothing is coincidental, reviewing the members of the Global Foundation that Fulvio Pompeo would preside over, we appreciate that, among other things, they come from a government alliance that, among other things, granted offshore oil concessions in the southern area to British companies in violation of law 26,659; signed the Foradori-Duncan pact that would have facilitated Malvinas logistics with flights to São Paulo and, from there, integration into the post-Brexit world and ratified the joint fishing investigations with the United Kingdom that allowed it to grant illegal licenses in Malvinas for the capture of Argentine fishing resources and bought ocean patrol vessels from France that could be manufactured in Argentina, among other things, and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Argentina, chaired by Susanne Kass, which we do not understand what this German organization can contribute on the matter. .
Strange policies; external and internal interests; disabilities; economic dependencies; lack of maritime and fishing food culture, are the reason, among others, for the lax administration of the Argentine sea and its consequent interference, occupation, appropriation, predation and loss of political sovereignty.
Territorial sovereignty .
